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| | | | World History timeline |
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| 663 BC |
| | | The Egyptian city of Memphis falls to an Assyrian army, soon to be followed by Thebes | |
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| c. 650 BC |
| | | The Greek city states make a habit of consulting the oracle at Delphi, hoping mainly for reassurance | |
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| c. 650 BC |
| | | Ashurbanipal commissions a great library of cuneiform clay tablets at Nineveh | |
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| c. 650 BC |
| | | The capitals of Greek pillars are by now in the two basic patterns of Doric and Ionic | |
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| c. 650 BC |
| | | The earliest known coins are minted in Ephesus, bean-shaped and struck on one side with a distinguishing mark | |
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| c. 650 BC |
| | | The inhabitants of Messenia revolt against Spartan rule and are reduced, in retaliation, to the status of serfs or helots | |
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| c. 650 BC |
| | | The Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh is known in its complete form from texts in the library of Ashurbanipal at Nineveh | |
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| c. 645 BC |
| | | Ashurbanipal commissions a magnificent relief of a lion hunt for his new palace at Nineveh | |
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| c. 630 BC |
| | | The Areopagus, named from the hill on Athens where it meets, is the council through which the nobles keep power in their own hands | |
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| 612 BC |
| | | The Medes and the Babylonians destroy Nineveh and bring to an end the power of Assyria | |
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| 612 BC |
| | | The Babylonians defeat an Egyptian army at Carchemish, but do not press on into Egypt | |
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| 605 BC |
| | | Nebuchadnezzar comes to the throne of Babylon, beginning a prosperous reign of more than forty years | |
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| c. 600 BC |
| | | The choros, originally danced in a circle by temple virgins, is the centrepiece of the developing Greek theatre | |
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| c. 600 BC |
| | | An Olmec sculptor creates the piece known today as the Wrestler | |
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| c. 600 BC |
| | | Frenzied dances, in honour of the god Dionysus, become part of Greek theatre - deriving probably from the northeast, in Thrace | |
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| c. 600 BC |
| | | Isis, who is able to restore her husband Osiris after he has been chopped into pieces, becomes one of the most popular deities in Egypt | |
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| c. 600 BC |
| | | Phoenicians sail round the Cape of Good Hope and bring back the surprising news that the sun was seen to the north of them | |
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| c. 600 BC |
| | | The swirling decorative lines of Celtic metalwork at Hallstatt begin a tradition which lives on in illuminated manuscripts and stone Celtic crosses | |
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| c. 600 BC |
| | | The poems of the Shi Jing, China's earliest work of literature, are gathered together | |
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| c. 600 BC |
| | | Hindu hermits live in groups described as ashramas | |
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| 594 BC |
| | | Solon is elected archon in Athens, immediately cancelling the debts of the peasants of Attica and making it illegal to enslave a debtor | |
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| 586 BC |
| | | After a long siege Jerusalem is taken by Nebuchadnezzar and the city, including Solomon's Temple, is destroyed | |
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| 586 BC |
| | | The Jews, taken into captivity in Babylon, form the first community of the Diaspora | |
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| 585 BC |
| | | Thales of Miletus, traditionally the first philosopher, is credited with the prediction of a solar eclipse | |
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| 585 BC |
| | | The Babylonian king Nebuchadrezzar II begins a siege of Tyre which lasts for thirteen years before the city capitulates | |
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| c. 580 BC |
| | | Nebuchadnezzar builds the hanging gardens of Babylon, supposedly to comfort a homesick wife | |
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| c. 580 BC |
| | | The synagogue, as a simple place of Jewish worship, develops during the Babylonian captivity | |
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| c. 580 BC |
| | | The Iranian prophet Zoroaster teaches that there is one god, Ahura Mazda | |
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| c. 570 BC |
| | | Anaximander, a pupil of Thales, develops bold theories about the formation of the earth and the beginning of life | |
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| 560 BC |
| | | Peisistratos seizes power in Athens and rules as a benevolent dictator for more than thirty years | |
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| c. 550 BC |
| | | The painters of Greek vases develop the black-figure style, with the scene depicted in black silhouette against a red ground | |
|  | Greek vase, black-figure style
Fotofile CG
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| c. 550 BC |
| | | The Sinhalese, after moving south through India, cross into Sri Lanka | |
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| c. 550 BC |
| | | The optimistic concept of the Messiah is part of the Jewish response to captivity in Babylon | |
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| c. 550 BC |
| | | The Greeks develop the Babylonian theme of the zodiac, naming it the zodiakos kyklos or circle of animals | |
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| c. 550 BC |
| | | The Indian physician Susruta pioneers plastic surgery of the nose | |
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| 550 BC |
| | | Cyrus, king of the Persians, takes Ecbatana, capital city of the Medes, and establishes the first Persian empire | |
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